Table 2.

Influence of Pharmacotherapy on Response Inhibition

Region of Interest	Co- ordinates x, y, z in MNI	Effect Size	t- value	p- value
Results in the Evaluative Affective Circuit
HC > PBD at Baseline (Pre-treatment)
Left Insula	−39, −7, 9	0.79	2.29	0.03
Risperidone > HC Changes over treatment (Post- vs. Pre-treatment)
L Insula	−39, −7, 9	1.34	3.22	0.003
R Insula	39, −7, 9	0.8	1.9	0.07
L Subgenual ACC	−5, 17, −15	0.43	1.03	0.31
R Subgenual ACC	6, 17, −14	0.06	0.15	0.88
L Inferior Frontal Gyrus	−34, 24, −18	−0.13	−0.31	0.76
R Inferior Frontal Gyrus	35, 26, −18	−0.26	−0.63	0.53
R Medial Frontal Gyrus	8, 45, 17	−0.57	−1.37	0.18
L Medial Frontal Gyrus	−7, 50, 19	−0.51	−1.22	0.23
Divalproex > HC Changes over treatment (Post- vs. Pre-treatment)
L Insula	−39, −7, 9	0.77	1.84	0.08
R Insula	39, −7, 9	0.63	1.5	0.15
L Subgenual ACC	−5, 17, −15	0.83	1.98	0.05
R Subgenual ACC	6, 17, −14	0.49	1.17	0.25
L Inferior Frontal Gyrus	−34 24 −18	0.09	0.21	0.84
R Inferior Frontal Gyrus	35, 26, −18	0.04	0.1	0.92
R Medial Frontal Gyrus	8, 45, 17	0.2	0.47	0.64
L Medial Frontal Gyrus	−7, 50, 19	0.07	0.16	0.87
Results in the Reactive Affective Circuit
HC > PBD at Baseline (Pre-treatment)
Left Amygdala	−23, −4, −19	0.36	1.05	0.04
Risperidone > HC Changes over treatment (Post- vs. Pre-treatment)
L Occipital Lobe	−20, −84, 2	−0.33	−0.8	0.43
L Amygdala	−23, −4, −19	−0.94	−2.25	0.03
L Parietal Lobe	−30, −53, 43	0.08	0.19	0.85
Divalproex > HC Changes over treatment (Post- vs. Pre-treatment)
L Occipital Lobe	−20, −84, 2	0.3	0.72	0.48
R Amygdala	23, −4, −19	−0.38	−2.44	0.02
L Parietal Lobe	−30, −53, 43	0.38	0.9	0.38

Legend: L=Left; R=Right; ACC: Anterior cingulate cortex; HC = Healthy Controls, PBD = Pediatric Bipolar Disorder