Relative transcriptional activity of various Smad3 constructs in cyclin D1 overexpressing MCF7 (A), T47D (B), and Hs578T (C) cell lines. Cells were co-transfected with the Smad-responsive CAGA-luc reporter construct and Renilla luciferase reporter, in addition to the indicated Smad3 expression constructs. Firefly and Renilla luciferase activities were determined. Data are shown as fold increase in normalized luciferase activity (firefly/Renilla) compared with empty vector-transfected MCF7, T47D, or Hs578T cells. Error bars indicate standard deviation from the mean of normalized luciferase activity for each study condition.