Table 2.

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for pancreatic cancer by quintile of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D

	Quintiles of Plasma 25(OH)D					P-value, trend†
	1	2	3	4	5
Quintiles from all Controls
Range, nmol/L	< 45.64	45.64 – 56.92	56.93 – 66.94	66.95 – 81.05	> 81.05
Median, nmol/L	37.7	51.6	61.9	73.9	93.6
No. of cases/controls	117/233	93/234	87/233	79/233	75/234
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.0	0.79 (0.57–1.10)	0.74 (0.53–1.04)	0.68 (0.48–0.95)	0.65 (0.46–0.92)	0.009
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)*	1.0	0.79 (0.56–1.10)	0.75 (0.53–1.06)	0.68 (0.48–0.97)	0.67 (0.46–0.97)	0.03
Cohort-Specific Quintiles‡
Median, nmol/L	37.6	51.2	61.3	73.6	93.6
No. of cases/controls	114/232	95/234	85/234	79/234	78/233
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.0	0.83 (0.60–1.15)	0.74 (0.53–1.03)	0.68 (0.49–0.96)	0.69 (0.49–0.97)	0.02
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)*	1.0	0.82 (0.59–1.15)	0.71 (0.51–1.01)	0.69 (0.48–0.98)	0.70 (0.49–1.01)	0.04

^*Adjusted for age (continuous), cohort (HPFS, NHS, PHS, WHI, WHS; which also adjusts for sex), body mass index (WHO categories), smoking status (never, past, current), history of diabetes mellitus (yes, no), multivitamin use (yes, no), and month of blood draw (2-month intervals).

^‡ Cohort-specific quintile ranges of plasma 25(OH)D: HPFS: <53, 53–<63.5, 63.5–<72.8, 72.8–<86.6, ≥86.6; NHS: <47, 47–<58.5, 58.5–<67, 67–<80.5, ≥80.5; PHS: <50, 50–<63.1, 63.1–<75, 75–<89.6, ≥89.6; WHI: <40.4, 40.4–<51.9, 51.9–<61.7, 61.7–<75.2, ≥75.2; WHS: <39, 39–<50, 50–<65, 65–<77, ≥77.

^† Tests for trend calculated by entering quintile-specific median values for 25(OH)D as a single variable in logistic regression models.

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; OR, odds ratio; PHS, Physicians’ Health Study; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative; WHO, World Health Organization; WHS, Women’s Health Study