Table 3.
Depression assessments of 15 RCTs examining the exercise effects on depressive symptoms in cancer survivors.
| Primary Outcome of Interest Assessed in Study |
Depression Inventory Utilized |
Baseline Depression Score M (SD) |
Follow-up Depression Score M (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trial | ||||
|
Badger et al (2007) |
Depression |
CES-D |
Intervention: 13.3 (2.4) |
6 weeks: Intervention: 11.32 (2.10) 14.6% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 9.9 (1.8) | Control: 9.35 (1.57) 5.4% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Cadmus et al (2009) |
Quality of Life |
CES-D |
Intervention: 10.7 (7.3) |
6 Months: Intervention: 7.9 (7.1) 26.2% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 12.2 (6.5) | Control: 10.0 (7.6) 18.0% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Cadmus et al (2009) |
Quality of Life |
CES-D |
Intervention: 9.3 (6.0) |
6 Months: Intervention: 9.6 (9.3) 3.2% increase in symptoms |
| Control: 9.2 (8.6) | Control: 10.8 (10.1) 17.4% increase in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Courneya et al. (2003) |
Quality of Life |
CES-D |
Intervention: 9.6 (8.1) |
16 weeks: Intervention: 8.6 (8.7) 10.4% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 10.1 (12.0) | Control: 9.6 (10.9) 5.0% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Courneya et al. (2007) |
Quality of Life |
CES-D |
Intervention: 12.8 (9.8) |
9–24 (~20) weeks: Intervention: 9.7 (9.3) 24.2% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 13.9 (9.7) | Control: 10.8 (9.4) 22.3% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Courneya et al. (2009) |
Short Form CES-D |
Intervention: 7.7 (5.7) |
12 Weeks: Intervention: 5.4 (4.5) 29.9% reduction in symptoms |
|
| Quality of Life | Control: 6.0 (4.5) | Control: 6.1 (5.0) 1.7% increase in symptoms |
||
| Groups differed significantly (p < .05) at follow-up | ||||
|
Culos-Reed et al. (2010) |
Physical Activity Levels & Quality of Life |
CES-D |
Intervention: 8.6 (7.9) |
16 Weeks: Intervention: 8.2 (6.7) 4.7% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 6.7 (6.4) | Control: 7.7 (8.6) 14.9% increase in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Daley et al. (2007) |
Quality of Life |
BDI-II |
Intervention: 13.6 (9.1) |
8 week: Intervention: 6.0 (6.5) 55.9% reduction in depression |
| Control: 10.8 (7.7) |
Control: 10.3 (7.2) 4.6% reduction in depression |
|||
| Groups differed significantly (p < .05) at follow-up | ||||
|
Dodd et al. (2010) |
Fatigue |
CES-D |
Intervention: 13.1 (9.8) |
4–6 Months: Intervention: 13.0 (9.6) 0.8% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 10.6 (6.5) | Control: 10.2 (8.6) 3.8% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Kaltsatou et al. (2011) |
Physical Function |
BDI |
Intervention: 36.4 (7.2) |
24 Weeks: Intervention: 16.5 (1.7) 54.7% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 33.4 (6.9) | Control: 22.3 (7.7) 33.2% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups differed significantly (p < .05) at follow-up | ||||
|
Monga et al. (2007) |
Quality of Life/Fatigue |
BDI |
Intervention: 3.5 (5.4) |
8 Weeks: Intervention: 2.8 (1.8) 20% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 3.6 (5.0) | Control: 4.2 (3.4) 16.7% increase in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Mutrie et al. (2007) |
Quality of Life |
BDI |
Intervention: 11.8 (6.9) |
12 weeks: Intervention 8.6 (6.8) 27.1% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 13.0 (7.4) | Control: 11.5 (8.6) 11.5% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Payne et al. (2008) |
Fatigue/Biomarkers |
CES-D |
Intervention: 15.1 (7.9) |
14 week: Intervention: 12.7 (8.7) 5.9% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 11.0 (6.7) | Control: 11.4 (7.9) 3.6% increase in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up | ||||
|
Perna et al (2010) |
Fitness/Physical Activity Levels |
CES-D |
Intervention: 9.95 (8.0) |
3 Months: Intervention: 8.8 (8.4) 12.1% reduction in symptoms |
| Control: 8.6 (7.4) | Control: 12.4 (11.5) 44.2% increase in symptoms |
|||
| No direct comparison of depression scores between groups was conducted | ||||
|
Thorsen, et al. (2005) |
Quality of Life |
HADS |
Intervention: 2.9 (2.7) |
14 Weeks: Intervention: 2.2 (2.3) 24.1% reduction in symptoms |
|
Control: 3.1 (3.6) |
Control: 1.9 (2.5) 38.7% reduction in symptoms |
|||
| Groups did not significantly differ at follow-up |
CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory
HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
QOL = Quality of Life