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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cell Biol. 2011 Oct 14;22(1):50–60. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.09.003

Figure 4. Role of S1P and its receptors in atherogenesis.

Figure 4

Binding of S1P to distinct S1P receptors regulates vascular tone and barrier function, monocyte attachment and migration, macrophage infiltration and retention, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and activation of NF-κB leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. S1PR1, red; S1PR2, green; S1PR3, blue.