Table 4.
Studies reporting immune modulation in cancer patients and animal models treated with MWA.
| Species | Tumor | Model | Immunologic effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | HCC (n = 82) | CD3+ cells, CD56+ cells (treated and distant tumors)↑ | [119] | |
| CD68+ cells (treated and distant tumors)↑ | ||||
| HCC (n = 10) | ± DC | Phase I study: | [120] | |
| CD4+CD25high cells (blood)↓ | ||||
| CD8+CD28− cells (blood)↑ | ||||
|
| ||||
| Mouse | HCC | Hepa 1–6 | Activity of tumor-specific CD4+, CD8+ cells (spleen)↑ | [118] |
| (C57BL/6) | ±GM-CSF | NK1.1+ cells (spleen)↑ | ||
| ± CTLA4-mAb | Tumor growth (rechallenge)↓ | |||