Table 5.
Studies reporting immune modulation in cancer patients and animal models treated with HIFU.
| Species | Tumor | Model | Immunologic effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Breast carcinoma (n = 23) | HSP-70 (membrane)↑ | [122] | |
| Breast carcinoma (n = 48) | CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells (tumor)↑ | [27] | ||
| CD20+ cells (tumor)↑ | ||||
| CD57+ cells (tumor)↑ | ||||
| Pancreatic carcinoma (n = 15) | NK cells (blood)↑* | [123] | ||
| Uveal melanoma (n = 5) | CD4+ cells (blood)↑ | [125] | ||
| Osteosarcoma (n = 6) | CD4+ cells (blood)↑ | [126] | ||
| HCC (n = 5) | ||||
| RCC (n = 5) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Mouse (Ajax) | Neuroblastoma | C1300 ± adriamycin | Tumor growth (rechallenge)↓ | [136] |
|
| ||||
| Mouse (C57BL/6J) | HCC | H22 ± DC | Activation of CD8+ cells (spleen)↑ | [124] |
| Tumor growth (rechallenge)↓ | ||||
| H22 ± tumor lysate vaccine | Cytolytic activity (spleen)↑ | [121] | ||
| Tumor growth (rechallenge)↓ | ||||
*NK cell phenotype was not specified.