Table 4.
Multiple regression models for odds of spending ≤ 149 minutes and ≥ 150 minutes of cycling to and from work
| Model A | Model B1 | Model B2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-149 mins cycling OR(95% CI) p | > 150 mins cycling OR(95% CI) p | 1-149 mins cycling OR(95% CI) p | > 150 mins cycling OR(95% CI) p | 1-149 mins cycling OR(95% CI) p | > 150 mins cycling OR(95% CI) p | |
| Individual and household characteristics | ||||||
| Gender (reference: male) | ||||||
| Female | 0.52 (0.33-0.82) 0.009 | 0.44 (0.29-0.66) 0.001 | 0.52 (0.32-0.82) 0.006 | 0.44 (0.28-0.67) 0.001 | 0.51 (0.32-0.81) 0.005 | 0.44 (0.29-0.66) 0.001 |
| Highest educational qualification (reference: less than degree) | ||||||
| Degree or higher | 1.28 (0.80-2.04) 0.057 | 1.77 (1.15-2.72) 0.009 | 1.22 (0.75-1.97) 0.414 | 1.74 (1.10-2.75) 0.016 | 1.35 (0.83-2.20) 0.221 | 1.80 (1.15-2.80) 0.009 |
| Weight status (reference: normal weight) | ||||||
| Overweight | 0.55 (0.34-0.90) 0.019 | 0.57 (0.37-0.89) 0.014 | 0.57 (0.34-0.94) 0.028 | 0.59 (0.37-0.93) 0.026 | 0.54 (0.32-0.89) 0.018 | 0.57 (0.36-0.90) 0.018 |
| Obese | 0.31 (0.14-0.70) 0.005 | 0.38 (0.19-0.76) 0.011 | 0.36 (0.16-0.81) 0.014 | 0.48 (0.23-1.00) 0.052 | 0.32 (0.14-0.73) 0.007 | 0.39 (0.19-0.81) 0.019 |
| Limiting long term illness (reference: no) Yes |
1.11 (0.57-2.16) 0.752 |
0.42 (0.19-0.88) 0.022 |
1.27 (0.64-2.55) 0.485 |
0.53 (0.24-1.17) 0.122 |
1.11 (0.55-2.25) 0.756 |
0.44 (0.20-0.94) 0.036 |
| Number of children (reference: none) One or more |
2.11 (1.34-3.32) 0.001 |
1.40 (0.93-2.14) 0.112 |
2.00 (1.25-3.18) 0.003 |
1.29 (0.83-2.02) 0.253 |
2.31 (1.45-3.70) 0.001 |
1.46 (0.95-2.26) 0.084 |
| Car access × Distance (reference: access to a car lives ≥ 5 km from work) | ||||||
| Car, lives < 5 km from work | 13.9 (8.33-23.19) 0.001 | 5.05 (3.07-8.30) 0.001 | 9.24 (5.38-15.88) 0.001 | 3.15 (1.85-5.38) 0.001 | 10.29 (6.07-17.4) 0.001 | 4.00 (2.41-6.65) 0.001 |
| No car, lives ≥ 5 km from work | 1.19 (0.32-4.42) 0.789 | 3.28 (1.44-7.47) 0.005 | 0.73 (0.19-2.82) 0.655 | 1.99 (0.83-4.79) 0.122 | 1.06 (0.28-4.08) 0.922 | 2.93 (1.25-6.88) 0.013 |
| No car, lives < 5 km from work | 4.41 (2.36-8.51) 0.001 | 2.50 (1.41-4.42) 0.002 | 2.34(1.18-4.64) 0.015 | 1.27 (0.67-2.41) 0.449 | 3.31 (2.88-6.31) 0.001 | 2.01 (1.12-3.62) 0.019 |
| Psychological measures of car use | ||||||
| Intention (ref: low intention) | ||||||
| Mid intention score | - | - | n.i | n.i | - | - |
| High intention score | ||||||
| Attitude (ref: low attitude) | ||||||
| Mid attitude score | - | - | 0.73 (0.40-1.31) 0.301 | 1.29 (0.76-2.17) 0.335 | - | - |
| High attitude score | 0.28 (0.16-0.49) 0.001 | 0.19 (0.11-0.33) 0.001 | ||||
| PBC (ref: low PBC) | ||||||
| Mid PBC score | - | - | n.i | n.i | - | - |
| High PBC score | ||||||
| Social norm (ref: low social norm) Mid social norm score High social norm score |
- | - | n.i | n.i | - | - |
| Habit score (reference: low habits) | ||||||
| High habit score | - | - | n.i | n.i | ||
| Perceptions of the route environment a | ||||||
| The roads are dangerous for cyclists | - | - | - | - | n.i | n.i |
| There are convenient routes for cycling | - | - | - | - | 4.60(2.88-7.34) 0.001 | 3.14 (2.11-4.66) 0.001 |
| There is little traffic | - | - | - | - | n.i | n.i |
| It is safe to cross the road | - | - | - | - | n.i | n.i |
| Urban-rural Status (reference = urban) | ||||||
| Rural | - | - | - | - | n.i | n.i |
CI confidence intervals; p, p value; PBC Perceived behavioural control; - not entered into the model; n.i, not included in the model; a the reference category is strongly disagree, disagree or neither disagree nor agree