TABLE 4.

Medical and surgical decisions at the time of initial CSF shunt placement for the entire cohort of 554 children and those with and without a subsequent CSF shunt procedure within 12 months^*

Variable	Subsequent Procedure		Entire Cohort
	Any	None
no. of patients	233	321	554
medical decisions
prophylactic IV antibiotic use†	209 (90)	289 (90)	498 (90)
single dose	205 (88)	284 (89)	489 (88)
multiple doses	4 (2)	5 (2)	9 (2)
median IV antibiotic timing in min (IQR)‡	−13 (−18 to −7)	−14 (−19 to −8)	−14 (−19 to −8)
prophylactic intrathecal antibiotic use	4 (2)	1 (0.3)	5 (1)
surgical decisions
shunt brand§
PS Medical/Medtronic	152 (66)	229 (74)	381 (70)
Strata/Medtronic	22 (10)	27 (9)	49 (9)
Delta/Medtronic¶	26 (11)	19 (6)	45 (8)
Codman-Medos/Medtronic	17 (7)	26 (8)	43 (8)
Orbis-Sigma/Integra	12 (5)	10 (3)	22 (4)
Paedi-gav/Aesculap	1 (0.4)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
antibiotic-impregnated tubing	11 (5)	27 (8)	38 (7)
distal shunt location
peritoneal¶	220 (94)	320 (100)	540 (97)
atrial	11 (5)	0 (0)	11 (2)
other	2 (1)	1 (0.3)	3 (1)
use of neuroendoscope	36 (15)	50 (16)	86 (16)
use of ultrasound	8 (3)	12 (4)	20 (4)
person preparing site
nurse	131 (56)	150 (47)	281 (51)
surgeon¶	74 (32)	133 (41)	207 (37)
other: resident, anesthesiologist, unknown	28 (12)	38 (12)	66 (12)
case priority‡
elective	153 (68)	227 (73)	380 (71)
nonelective: add-on/emergency/urgent	72 (32)	85 (27)	157 (29)
median case duration in min (IQR)†	69 (57–87)	64 (56–80)	65 (56–83)
median no. of scrubbed personnel (IQR)**	4 (3–4)	4 (3–4)	4 (3–4)

^*Unless otherwise indicated, the values represent the number of patients, with percentages in parentheses.

^†Missing data for 1 child.

^‡Missing data for 17 children.

^§Missing data for 13 children.

^¶p < 0.05.

^**Not available for 2 children.