Fig. 5.

Effect of blue and red LED lights on the carotenoid content in juice sacs of the three citrus varieties. (A) Satsuma mandarin; (B) Valencia orange; (C) Lisbon lemon. β-Car, β-carotene; β-cry, β-cryptoxanthin; T-vio, all-trans-violaxanthin; C-vio, 9-cis-violaxanthin; Lut, lutein. The value for total carotenoids was the sum of identified carotenoids. Columns and bars represent the means and SE (n=3), respectively. The letters a, b, and c indicate significant differences among the control, blue light, and red light treatments at the 5% level by Tukey’s HSD test.