Table 1.

Demographic information and comorbid illnesses

	Pneumonia −	Pneumonia +	pval
n, unweighted	169,243	14,870
n, weighteda	827,155	72,693
Age (years)	70.6	73.3	p<0.0001
Died	0.035	0.200	p<0.0001
Female	0.546	0.494	p<0.0001
Admitted from
SNFb	0.008	0.014	p<0.0001
EDc	0.773	0.745	p<0.0001
Comorbid Conditions
AIDSd	0.002	0.002	p=0.07
Alcoholism	0.036	0.054	p<0.0001
Anemia	0.088	0.139	p<0.0001
Arthritis	0.021	0.017	p<0.001
Bloodloss	0.005	0.013	p<0.0001
CHFe	0.120	0.260	p<0.0001
Chronic Lung Disease	0.136	0.210	p<0.0001
Coagulopathy	0.022	0.054	p<0.0001
Depression	0.078	0.051	p<0.0001
Diabetes Mellitus	0.295	0.245	p<0.0001
Drug Abuse	0.019	0.023	p=0.0015
Hypertension	0.742	0.630	p<0.0001
Hypothyroidism	0.104	0.077	p<0.0001
Liver Disease	0.009	0.014	p<0.0001
Lymphoma	0.004	0.004	p=0.99
Metastatic Cancer	0.013	0.018	p<0.0001
Other Neurologic
Disease	0.004	0.055	p<0.0001
Obesity	0.046	0.029	p<0.0001
Paralysis	0.246	0.296	p<0.0001
Mechanical Ventilation	0.040	0.330	p<0.0001
Peripheral Vascular
Disease	0.068	0.053	p<0.0001
Psychiatric Disease	0.024	0.020	p<0.001
Pulmonary Circulation
Disease	0.013	0.014	p=0.28
Renal Failure	0.074	0.113	p<0.0001
Tumor	0.015	0.019	p<0.001
Peptic Ulcer	<0.001	<0.001	p=.4
Valvular Disease	0.096	0.094	p=.36
Weightloss	0.018	0.091	p<0.0001
Dysphagiaf	0.115	0.429	p<0.0001
Gastrostomy Tube	0.037	0.265	p<0.0001
Nasogastric Tube	0.002	0.014	p<0.0001
Enteral/Parenteral
Nutrition	0.024	0.154	p<0.0001
Insurance
Medicare	0.663	0.715	p<0.0001
Medicaid	0.064	0.075	p<0.0001
Private	0.203	0.153	p<0.0001
Other	0.070	0.055	p<0.0001
Hospital
Urban	0.856	0.879	p<0.0001
Teaching	0.411	0.462	p<0.0001

^aAll analyses take into account the weighted sample.

^bSkilled Nursing Facility

^cEmergency Department

^dAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

^eCongestive Heart Failure

^fDysphagia- derived from ICD-9 code (438.82, 787.2) and other clinical codes associated with dysphagia