Table 2. Univariate analysis of prognostic factors on PFS and OS.

Comorbidity	Definition	n	Median PFS (months)	P-valuea	Median OS (months)	P-valuea	HR (95% Confidence interval)	P-valuea
Lung disease	No/mild	104	43	0.0014	103	<0.0001	3.47 (2–6.14)c	<0.0001c
	Moderate	13	21		37
	Severe	10	11		25
eGFRMDRD (ml/min/1.73m2)	⩾90	60	50	0.005	98	0.0008	3.44 (1.58–7.49)c	0.0018c
	60 to < 90	38	35		63
	30 to < 60	17	22		30
	< 30	12	15		15
KPS	100%	35	61	<0.0001	—	0.0003	2.69 (1.56–4.63)c	0.0004c
	80–90%	53	33		98
	⩽ 70%	39	27		41
Age (years)	⩽59	65	61	0.0003	98	0.01	1.99 (1.17–3.41)	0.0114
	>59	62	26		53
Additional malignancy apart from MMb	No	119	36	0.0041	69	0.9605	1.04 (0.25–4.28)	0.9599
	Yes	8	10		—
Hepatic impairment	No/mild	107	36	0.5081	76	0.6328	1.18 (0.6–2.35)	0.6331
	Moderate/severe	20	27		69
Cardiac impairment	No/mild	102	36	0.5299	76	0.997	1.01 (0.52–1.95)c	0.9831c
	Moderate	10	27		46
	Severe	15	35		62
Hypertension	No	106	35	0.7161	76	0.5949	0.81 (0.36–1.79)	0.5958
	Yes	21	33		63
Pain	No	54	50	0.5038	98	0.2105	1.41 (0.82–2.41)	0.2127
	Yes	73	32		60
Diabetes	No	114	35	0.8145	69	0.9782	0.99 (0.36–2.74)	0.9783
	Yes	13	45		60

Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MM, multiple myeloma; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.

^aLog-rank test.

^bAny additional malignancy, apart from the MM, occurring prior, synchronous or after the MM diagnosis, which because of any of the 8 out of the 127 MM patients with additional malignancy, was not further subdivided within these groups.

^cThese risk factors were summarized as two groups: lung disease, no/mild vs moderate/severe; eGFR <30 vs ⩾30 ml/min; KPS: >70 vs ⩽70% cardiac impairment, no/mild vs moderate/severe.