Table 1.
Baseline demographic data and clinical information in our study.
| Calcium score zero (N = 239) | Calcium score abnormal (N = 103) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 47.0 (6.4) | 52.6 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Gender, female % | 66 (27.6) | 11 (10.6) | |
| Height, cm | 165.9 (7.5) | 167.7 (7.5) | 0.09 |
| Weight, kg | 65.9 (11.3) | 68.9 (10.1) | 0.008 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 23.8 (3.1) | 24.4 (2.7) | 0.013 |
| Waist, cm | 81.4 (9.1) | 85.0 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.88 (0.07) | 0.91 (0.06) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 116.7 (14.9) | 125.1 (15.1) | 0.003 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.5 (10.2) | 77.9 (9.7) | 0.002 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| Sugar (AC), mg/dL | 93.3 (21.2) | 102.0 (20.9) | 0.086 |
| Sugar (PC), mg/dL | 105.9 (31.6) | 118.5 (44.4) | 0.082 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.8 (0.6) | 6.0 (0.6) | 0.32 |
| Insulin, U/mL | 6.25 (4.24) | 6.91 (3.75) | 0.046 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.55 (1.25) | 1.76 (1.06) | 0.016 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 191.1 (32.9) | 196.1 (35.1) | 0.23 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 128.0 (31.3) | 125.8 (31.7) | 0.56 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 53.0 (13.7) | 49.1 (12.8) | 0.02 |
| TG, mg/dL | 141.9 (103) | 145.8 (85.2) | 0.74 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 11.8 (3.2) | 12.6 (3.7) | 0.32 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.91 (0.18) | 0.97 (0.18) | 0.39 |
| Uric Acid, mg/dL | 5.6 (1.4) | 6.1 (1.5) | 0.003 |
| Homocystine, mg/dL | 7.3 (2.1) | 8.4 (2.3) | 0.03 |
| Hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.2 (0.35) | 0.32 (0.7) | 0.043 |
| ECG pattern | |||
| ECG (LVH or myocardial ischemia) | 41 (7.5) | 28 (13.2) | 0.016 |
| ECG (old infarct) | 5 (1) | 9 (4.2) | 0.002 |
| Medical history | |||
| Smoking | 84 (24.9) | 42 (29.4) | 0.311 |
| HTN history | 41 (12) | 35 (23.7) | 0.001 |
| DM history | 11 (3.2) | 14 (9.5) | 0.004 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (5.6) | 13 (9.6) | 0.039 |
| CVD | 12 (3.9) | 12 (8.9) | 0.033 |
| Family Hx | |||
| Family Hx HTN | 147 (43) | 62 (41.9) | 0.823 |
| Family Hx DM | 88 (25.8) | 42 (28.4) | 0.554 |
| Family Hx Stroke | 49 (14.3) | 20 (13.5) | 0.812 |
| Family Hx CVD | 57 (16.7) | 30 (20.3) | 0.345 |
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; sugar (AC): fasting glucose; sugar (PC): postprandial glucose; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance; ECG: electrocardiography; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease: Hx: history.