Table 3.
Menstrual characteristics, age at menarche, body weight measurements, and the risk of preeclampsia.
| Stratifying covariates and exposure of interest | Cases | Noncases | Stratified by BMI | Joint models | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. OR | 95% (CI) | Adj. OR | 95% (CI) | |||
| Prepregnancy BMI and long cycle length1 | ||||||
| <25 kg/m2, <36 days | 35 (43.8) | 2327 (71.6) | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| <25 kg/m2, ≥36 days | 7 (8.8) | 187 (5.8) | 2.56 | 1.12–5.88 | 2.50 | 1.09–5.72 |
| ≥25 kg/m2, <36 days | 36 (45.0) | 653 (20.1) | 1.00 | Referent | 3.78 | 2.35–6.08 |
| ≥25 kg/m2, ≥36 days | 2 (2.5) | 81 (2.5) | 0.44 | 0.10–1.84 | 1.67 | 0.40–7.09 |
| Prepregnancy BMI and early age at menarche | ||||||
| <25 kg/m2, >11 years | 37 (46.3) | 2223 (68.4) | 1.00 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| <25 kg/m2, ≤11 years | 5 (6.3) | 291 (9.0) | 1.13 | 0.44–2.92 | 1.08 | 0.42–2.76 |
| ≥25 kg/m2, >11 years | 26 (32.5) | 561 (17.3) | 1.00 | Referent | 2.86 | 1.71–4.77 |
| ≥25 kg/m2, ≤11 years | 12 (15.0) | 173 (5.3) | 1.48 | 0.72–3.02 | 4.41 | 2.24–8.66 |
| Maternal birth weight and long cycle length | ||||||
| ≥2500 gr, <36 days | 64 (80.0) | 2755 (84.8) | 1.00 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| ≥2500 gr, ≥36 days | 7 (8.8) | 225 (6.9) | 1.36 | 0.61–3.00 | 1.36 | 0.31–3.00 |
| <2500 gr, <36 days | 2 (2.5) | 33 (1.0) | 1.00 | Referent | 2.65 | 0.62–11.31 |
| <2500 gr, ≥36 days | 7 (8.8) | 235 (7.2) | 0.53 | 0.10–2.84 | 1.28 | 0.58–2.83 |
| Maternal birth weight and early age at menarche | ||||||
| ≥2500 gr, >11 years | 57 (71.3) | 2566 (79.0) | 1.00 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| ≥2500 gr, ≤11 years | 3 (3.8) | 40 (1.2) | 3.57 | 1.06–11.96 | 3.57 | 1.07–11.93 |
| <2500 gr, >11 years | 6 (7.5) | 218 (6.7) | 1.00 | Referent | 1.26 | 0.54–2.95 |
| <2500 gr, ≤11 years | 14 (17.5) | 424 (13.1) | 1.20 | 0.45–3.18 | 1.54 | 0.85–2.80 |
| Adult weight gain2 and long usual cycle length | ||||||
| <5.0 kg, <36 days | 14 (17.5) | 1441 (44.4) | 1.00 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| <5.0 kg, ≥36 days | 3 (3.8) | 122 (3.8) | 2.71 | 0.76–9.72 | 2.47 | 0.70–8.73 |
| ≥5.0 kg, <36 days | 57 (71.3) | 1539 (47.4) | 1.00 | Referent | 3.87 | 2.14–6.98 |
| ≥5.0 kg, ≥36 days | 6 (7.5) | 146 (4.5) | 1.12 | 0.47–2.64 | 4.33 | 1.63–11.45 |
| Adult weight gain and early age at menarche | ||||||
| <5.0 kg, >11 years | 13 (16.3) | 1369 (42.2) | 1.00 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| <5.0 kg, ≤11 years | 4 (5.0) | 194 (6.0) | 2.40 | 0.77–7.52 | 2.26 | 0.73–7.03 |
| ≥5.0 kg, >11 years | 50 (62.5) | 1415 (43.6) | 1.00 | Referent | 3.79 | 2.05–7.03 |
| ≥5.0 kg, ≤11 years | 13 (16.3) | 270 (8.3) | 1.36 | 0.47–2.64 | 5.28 | 2.41–11.56 |
All models are adjusted for age, race, family history of diabetes, and physical activity.
1Interaction P value 0.04.
2Adult weight gain: difference between weight at age 18 and prepregnancy weight.