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Verapamil does not affect cytokine responses. Serum samples were analyzed at several time points for levels of inflammatory cytokines (a) interleukin (IL)-6, (b) IL-8, (c) IL-10, (d) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and (e) GM-CSF, shown as dot plots with horizontal line at mean cytokine concentration. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 between the two time points indicated by the capped line. There were no significant differences between verapamil patients and controls at any time point.
