Table 1.

Results of mixed-effects model analyses^a

Parameter	Uninfested pupae			Infested pupae			Adult bees			Varroa mites
	F	df	P	F	df	P	F	df	P	F	df	P
DWV
Treatment	0.03	1,7	0.8711	0.76	1,7	0.4127	20.43	1,7	0.0027c	9.32	1,7	0.0185b
Date	3.52	4,26	0.0199b	2.50	4,14	0.0902	9.75	4,26	<0.0001d	1.50	4,14	0.2561
Treat × Date	1.81	4,26	0.1567	0.80	4,14	0.5464	6.03	4,26	0.0014c	3.25	4,14	0.0440b
Mites ad	1.07	1,26	0.3096	1.03	1,14	0.3267	6.60	1,26	0.0163b	1.58	1,14	0.2292
Mites pu	1.07	1,26	0.3108	0.07	1,14	0.7982	6.73	1,26	0.0154b	0.05	1,14	0.8227
BQCV
Treatment	0.03	1,7	0.2119	0.10	1,7	0.7583	2.36	1,7	0.1684	0.00	1,7	0.9974
Date	3.52	4,26	0.3354	6.35	4,14	0.0039c	2.38	4,26	0.0775	1.38	4,14	0.9800
Treat × Date	1.81	4,26	0.2033	9.61	4,14	0.0006d	1.40	4,26	0.2611	0.10	4,14	0.2914
Mites ad	1.07	1,26	0.4890	1.21	1,14	0.2898	0.47	1,26	0.4994	0.00	1,14	0.9709
Mites pu	1.07	1,26	0.1296	0.05	1,14	0.8338	0.09	1,26	0.7725	0.03	1,14	0.8715
SBV
Treatment	0.03	1,7	0.3597	0.16	1,7	0.6973	1.05	1,7	0.3394
Date	3.52	4,26	0.0002d	4.30	4,14	0.0178b	4.20	4,26	0.0094c
Treat × Date	1.81	4,26	0.0001d	6.69	4,14	0.0031c	2.52	4,26	0.0655
Mites ad	1.07	1,26	0.2551	0.23	1,14	0.6402	0.62	1,26	0.4386
Mites pu	1.07	1,26	0.2059	0.22	1,12	0.6490	2.79	1,26	0.1067

^aEffects of the acaricide treatment (Treatment), sampling date (Date), and their interactions (Treat × Date), as well as the effects of two independent variables, the adult and pupal mite infestation rates (Mites ad and Mites pu, respectively) on the DWV, BQCV, and SBV titers in uninfested pupae, mite-infested pupae, adult bees, and the Varroa mites found in the infested pupae. F values with associated P values of <0.05, <0.01, or <0.001 are in boldface.

^bP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.01.

^dP < 0.001.