Table 1.
Parameter | Uninfested pupae |
Infested pupae |
Adult bees |
Varroa mites |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | df | P | F | df | P | F | df | P | F | df | P | |
DWV | ||||||||||||
Treatment | 0.03 | 1,7 | 0.8711 | 0.76 | 1,7 | 0.4127 | 20.43 | 1,7 | 0.0027c | 9.32 | 1,7 | 0.0185b |
Date | 3.52 | 4,26 | 0.0199b | 2.50 | 4,14 | 0.0902 | 9.75 | 4,26 | <0.0001d | 1.50 | 4,14 | 0.2561 |
Treat × Date | 1.81 | 4,26 | 0.1567 | 0.80 | 4,14 | 0.5464 | 6.03 | 4,26 | 0.0014c | 3.25 | 4,14 | 0.0440b |
Mites ad | 1.07 | 1,26 | 0.3096 | 1.03 | 1,14 | 0.3267 | 6.60 | 1,26 | 0.0163b | 1.58 | 1,14 | 0.2292 |
Mites pu | 1.07 | 1,26 | 0.3108 | 0.07 | 1,14 | 0.7982 | 6.73 | 1,26 | 0.0154b | 0.05 | 1,14 | 0.8227 |
BQCV | ||||||||||||
Treatment | 0.03 | 1,7 | 0.2119 | 0.10 | 1,7 | 0.7583 | 2.36 | 1,7 | 0.1684 | 0.00 | 1,7 | 0.9974 |
Date | 3.52 | 4,26 | 0.3354 | 6.35 | 4,14 | 0.0039c | 2.38 | 4,26 | 0.0775 | 1.38 | 4,14 | 0.9800 |
Treat × Date | 1.81 | 4,26 | 0.2033 | 9.61 | 4,14 | 0.0006d | 1.40 | 4,26 | 0.2611 | 0.10 | 4,14 | 0.2914 |
Mites ad | 1.07 | 1,26 | 0.4890 | 1.21 | 1,14 | 0.2898 | 0.47 | 1,26 | 0.4994 | 0.00 | 1,14 | 0.9709 |
Mites pu | 1.07 | 1,26 | 0.1296 | 0.05 | 1,14 | 0.8338 | 0.09 | 1,26 | 0.7725 | 0.03 | 1,14 | 0.8715 |
SBV | ||||||||||||
Treatment | 0.03 | 1,7 | 0.3597 | 0.16 | 1,7 | 0.6973 | 1.05 | 1,7 | 0.3394 | |||
Date | 3.52 | 4,26 | 0.0002d | 4.30 | 4,14 | 0.0178b | 4.20 | 4,26 | 0.0094c | |||
Treat × Date | 1.81 | 4,26 | 0.0001d | 6.69 | 4,14 | 0.0031c | 2.52 | 4,26 | 0.0655 | |||
Mites ad | 1.07 | 1,26 | 0.2551 | 0.23 | 1,14 | 0.6402 | 0.62 | 1,26 | 0.4386 | |||
Mites pu | 1.07 | 1,26 | 0.2059 | 0.22 | 1,12 | 0.6490 | 2.79 | 1,26 | 0.1067 |
Effects of the acaricide treatment (Treatment), sampling date (Date), and their interactions (Treat × Date), as well as the effects of two independent variables, the adult and pupal mite infestation rates (Mites ad and Mites pu, respectively) on the DWV, BQCV, and SBV titers in uninfested pupae, mite-infested pupae, adult bees, and the Varroa mites found in the infested pupae. F values with associated P values of <0.05, <0.01, or <0.001 are in boldface.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.001.