Fig 2.

Comparison of biofilm formation of wild-type L. rhamnosus GG (LGG WT) and its knockout mutant derivatives. Formation of L. rhamnosus GG biofilms on polystyrene pegs occurring after 72 h of incubation in lactobacilli AOAC medium was quantified by crystal violet staining. Biofilm formation of the mutant strains was normalized to that of wild-type L. rhamnosus GG (set to 100%). Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations, and the data set comparisons (mutant strains versus the wild type) considered significant (P < 0.05) are indicated with an asterisk (double asterisks indicate increased biofilm formation compared to LGG WT).