Current generation (solid line) and electron donor uptake (circles [red, acetate; green, formate; blue, lactate]) (A to D) and CLSM micrographs of anode biofilms (E to H) in fuel cells fed with acetate (A and E), H2 (B and F), formate (C and G), or lactate (D and H). The inset in panel B shows controls with no electron donor. The biofilms in panels E to H were stained with the BacLight viability dyes (green, live cells; red, dead cells). Top views and the corresponding projections in the x (bottom) and y (right) axes are shown. Scale bar, 20 μm.