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Metabolic routes for the oxidation (ev̄) and carbon assimilation (C) of acetate, formate, and lactate (in bold). Alternative routes predicted to also be operative when fumarate serves as the electron acceptor are shown with dashed lines. Enzyme abbreviations: PFL, pyruvate formate lyase; FDH, formate dehydrogenase; ACK, acetate kinase; PTA, phosphotransacetylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; POR, pyruvate oxidoreductase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.
