Infection by rOC/ATCC and rOC/US183-241 activates caspase-3 and -9 in human neurons. Differentiated LA-N-5 cells were infected with rOC/ATCC or rOC/US183-241 for 24, 48, or 72 h. The relative activity of caspase-9 was measured using LEHD-pNA (A), and the relative activity of caspase-3 was measured using DEVD-pNA (B); results are expressed as a relative fold increase compared to mock-infected cells. Statistical significance: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.