Table 1.
Geographic and temporal origins of Y. pestis isolates tested in this study
| Country | No. of isolates | Year(s) representeda | No. from sourceb |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | Human | Flea | |||
| Bolivia | 3 | 1965, 1969, 1990 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Brazil | 6 | 1966 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| China | 4 | 1940, 1958, 1983 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | 6 | 2006 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Ecuador | 3 | 2005 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| India | 4 | 1955, 1994 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Indonesia | 2 | 1983, 1998 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Iran | 1 | 1961 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Kazakhstan | 8 | 1997-1999 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Madagascar | 53 | 2004-2007 | 0 | 53 | 0 |
| Nepal | 3 | 1969 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Peru | 5 | 1994 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Saudi Arabia | 5 | 1984 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Uganda | 63 | 2004, 2006, 2008-2009 | 0 | 63 | 0 |
| United Statesc | 214 | 1971-2009 | 76 | 77 | 61 |
| Vietnam | 8 | 1990, 1995, 1998-2000 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Zimbabwe | 4 | 1976, 1994 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
a
The avirulent lab strain A1122, originally isolated in 1939, was included.
b
The source of two isolates from China was unknown.
c
States from which isolates originated included Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.