Table 4. Crude odds ratios of associations between gender inequity norms score and perpetration of rape, power, and sexual risk for HIV infection among men in Botswana and Swaziland (n = 999).
| Violence, Power, and Sexual Risk Outcomes | |||||||
| Characteristic | Male-controlled sexual decision-making | Perpetration of rape(forced sex) | Transactional Sex (Provided money, food or other resources in exchange for sex) | Intergenerational Sex (partner 10+ years younger) | Unprotected sex with non-primary partners | Multiple/concurrent sex partners | |
| Age (continuous +1 yr) | 1.13 (1.06–1.19) | 1.04 (0.96–1.10) | 1.06 (0.89–1.14) | 1.10 (1.06–1.14) | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | |
| Relationship Status | Single | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Cohabitating | 2.03 (1.56–2.79) | 1.37 (0.92–1.71) | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) | 0.77 (0.39–1.52) | 1.25 (0.64–2.45) | 0.92 (0.82–1.34) | |
| Married | 1.89 (1.24–2.36) | 1.26 (0.85–1.64) | 0.19 (0.06–0.58) | 0.31 (0.08–1.29) | 0.79 (0.40–1.56) | 0.75 (0.53–0.91) | |
| Education | ≥High School | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| <High School | 0.62 (0.48–0.80) | 1.55 (0.75–3.21) | 1.12 (0.80–1.57) | 0.82 (0.39–1.75) | 0.90 (0.57–1.40) | 0.93 (0.73–1.21) | |
| Monthly Household Income | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 1.22 (0.62–2.48) | 1.94 (1.59–2.37) | 1.07 (0.37–3.09) | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) | 1.00 (0.78–1.30) | |
| Mean Gender Inequity Norm | 1.98 (1.17–2.60) | 2.55 (1.20–3.89) | 1.08 (0.86–1.87) | 1.05 (0.93–1.27) | 2.01 (1.29–2.97) | 1.25 (1.14–1.97) | |
| Alcohol Use * | None to Moderate | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Problem Drinking | 1.05 (0.73–1.28) | 1.94 (1.29–2.51) | 3.22 (1.87–5.54) | 1.04 (0.51–2.13) | 2.09 (1.35–3.22) | 1.98 (1.66–2.78) | |
| Heavy Drinking | 1.28 (0.97–1.67) | 3.78 (1.85–7.70) | 3.87 (3.27–4.59) | 1.95 (1.67–2.27) | 2.63 (1.66–4.15) | 2.86 (2.16–3.79) | |
| Country of Recruitment | Botswana | 0.43 (0.33–0.55) | 2.40 (1.03–5.58) | 3.21 (1.87–5.50) | 0.92 (0.65–1.31) | 0.48 (0.37–0.62) | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) |
| Swaziland | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Residence | Rural | 1.19 (0.92–1.53) | 0.50 (0.22–1.12) | 1.13 (0.57–2.24) | 1.11 (0.69–1.32) | 1.06 (0.31–3.65) | 0.84 (0.65–1.10) |
| Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
*Based on National Institutes of Alcohol Use definition of “risky drinking”, problem drinking was defined as 8–14 drinks/week for women and 15–21 drinks/week for men, while heavy drinking was defined as >14 drinks/week for women and >21 drinks/week for men.