Fig 9.

Investigation of the VraR transcriptional activation mechanism by KMnO₄ footprinting assays. (A) Formation of the open promoter complex on the P_vraSR, P_vraSR R1DM3, and P_vraSR R2SM1 sequences in the presence or absence of VraR or VraR-P. Briefly, each ³²P-end-labeled DNA sequence was incubated with the proteins, and the formed complexes were treated with 20 mM KMnO₄ for 30 s, after which the modified thymine residues were cleaved by 1 M piperidine at 90°C for 30 min. The samples were loaded onto an 8% sequencing gel.