Transcription of hallmark genes in fliL pseudoswarmer strains. (A) Expression of the flhD gene (class I), the fliL, fliM, and fliA genes (all class II), and the flgM and flaA genes (both class III). (B) Expression of umoA to umoD genes. Filled bars, BB2204; open bars, YL1001. Expression in each pseudoswarmer strain was compared with the expression of the same gene in wild-type swimmer cells. A >1 change indicates that expression of the gene is greater in the pseudoswarmer cells than in swimmer cells, while a value of <1 means that expression decreases in the pseudoswarmer strain. Error bars indicate standard errors for three independent measurements from three biological samples.