Electrophoresis mobility of circularly permuted DNA fragments complexed to the PhhR and Crp proteins. The fragments were generated from the digestion of the PhhRBend construct with restriction enzymes BglII (Bg), NheI (Nh), ClaI (Cl), XhoI (Xh), DraI (Dr), SmaI (Sm), NcoI (Nc), and BamHI (Ba). O, origin of the wells; F, unbound DNA; C, the PhhR-DNA complex (A), the cAMP/Crp-DNA complex (B), and the PhhR-cAMP/Crp-DNA complex (C). Bending angle (α) was calculated by the equation described by Thompson and Landy (47): μM/μE = cos(α/2), where μE and μM are the mobility of the protein-DNA complex with the binding site at the ends and at their center, respectively.