Figure 6.

Piglet and mouse serum cytokine concentrations. A, Serum from piglets (n = 69) was grouped according to disease severity, as systemic (black bar, n = 29) or nonsystemic (open bar, n = 40) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI); B, Serum samples from 7 mice with systemic CDI (black bar), 7 mice with nonsystemic CDI (open bar), or 5 mice treated with anti–Clostridium difficile toxin A and anti–C. difficile toxin B polysera (anti AB, gray bar) were run separately in cytokine assays. Columns represent the mean cytokine concentration with standard error bars for each cytokine. Statistical differences were determined by the t test. *P < .05; ** P < .01. Abbreviations: IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL, interleukin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.