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. 2011 Nov 21;208(12):2477–2488. doi: 10.1084/jem.20111242

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© 2011 Jung et al.

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Figure 8. — Achievement of long-term survival of a porcine islet xenograft in a nonhuman primate via combination therapy including MD-3. (A) After successfully inducing type 1 diabetes in Rhesus monkey via STZ administration, hyperglycemia was controlled by s.c. injecting human recombinant insulin (Exotic insulin). Adult porcine islets (100,000 IEQs/kg) were intraportally transplanted into Rhesus monkeys (R052 and R049) that received MD-3 combined with rapamycin and anti-CD154 antibody. Blood glucose level and serum porcine C-peptide concentration were measured at the indicated time after porcine islet transplantation. (B) PBMCs were isolated at 127 and 7 d after transplantation from R052 and R049, respectively, and the frequency of T cells secreting IL-2 or IFN-γ in response to donor islets (I) or allogeneic PBMCs (A) was determined by ELISPOT assay. Results are presented as numbers of cytokine-producing cells per 5 × 10⁵ PBMCs in each triplicate culture. R, responder cells only; R+I, responder cells stimulated with porcine islet cells; R+A, responder cells stimulated with allogeneic PBMCs; (−), unsensitized monkeys as a negative control; (+), sensitized monkeys as a positive control. Error bars indicate SE. (C) Anti-Gal IgG levels were measured at the indicated time before and after porcine islet transplantation via ELISA.