Table A3.
Birth Weight Function Coefficients in Norway Sample
| OLS Smoking | OLS Cigarettes | 2SLS Smoking | 2SLS Cigarettes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking | −161.7** (63.74) | −522.5* (293.4) | ||
| Cigarettes | −12.66 (8.256) | −46.21** (22.85) | ||
| Binge drinking in the first trimester | 59.55 (137.2) | 47.33 (137.8) | 117.5 (147.7) | 83.72 (148.8) |
| Moderate drinking in the first trimester | 126.8 (91.89) | 111.4 (91.35) | 221.1** (112.8) | 182.7* (103.2) |
| Low drinking in the first trimester | 96.64 (73.96) | 84.51 (75.52) | 156.3* (89.16) | 123.3 (80.79) |
| Binge drinking before pregnancy | −176.4 (112.3) | −210.0* (111.8) | −71.88 (128.0) | −174.7 (112.6) |
| Moderate drinking before pregnancy | −69.72 (108.4) | −92.46 (108.9) | −34.73 (108.2) | −111.2 (111.1) |
| Low drinking before pregnancy | 99.63 (119.3) | 79.95 (119.6) | 117.1 (117.4) | 48.52 (122.3) |
| Multivitamin use | −90.13* (53.56) | −91.43* (53.74) | −101.5* (55.86) | −108.4** (54.57) |
| Underweight | −257.6** (101.6) | −284.3*** (100.6) | −197.5 (123.4) | −283.9*** (103.8) |
| Overweight | 107.9* (61.65) | 107.2* (62.10) | 116.5* (61.90) | 115.7* (60.94) |
| Obese | 77.52 (131.2) | 67.65 (129.4) | 108.3 (139.5) | 77.98 (129.2) |
| Calories | 0.0115 (0.0358) | 0.00693 (0.0352) | 0.0273 (0.0394) | 0.0136 (0.0352) |
| Maternal age | 10.65 (6.572) | 10.35 (6.549) | 12.28* (6.787) | 11.47* (6.557) |
| Married | −68.63 (57.55) | −68.58 (57.38) | −93.70 (62.87) | −98.21 (62.44) |
| Less than high school | −2.996 (101.7) | −12.19 (103.7) | 87.71 (129.6) | 71.16 (122.6) |
| High school | 62.46 (68.28) | 50.23 (68.10) | 105.6 (72.63) | 69.02 (66.82) |
| Technical college | −92.98 (78.27) | −104.0 (78.33) | −38.16 (92.93) | −68.29 (81.38) |
| University | 0.125 (105.9) | 14.41 (107.9) | −9.110 (107.3) | 41.32 (116.4) |
| Maternal employment | 4.716 (81.44) | 16.67 (81.98) | −49.57 (93.47) | −16.11 (85.36) |
| Very low maternal income | 98.28 (69.89) | 96.38 (69.72) | 110.1 (71.17) | 105.4 (69.56) |
| Moderate maternal income | −48.59 (79.60) | −49.23 (79.42) | −30.41 (78.32) | −29.36 (77.50) |
| High maternal income | −86.23 (101.5) | −83.38 (103.0) | −94.69 (102.9) | −85.87 (105.2) |
| Pregnancy planning | 56.70 (61.52) | 58.24 (62.15) | 40.61 (61.70) | 43.21 (61.58) |
| Constant | 3408.6*** (263.5) | 3424.8*** (263.9) | 3394.8*** (265.9) | 3451.1*** (261.2) |
| Instrument F statistic [df] | 3.33*** [8, 476] | 3.99*** [12, 472] | ||
| Over-identification Chisquare [df] | 6.0 [7] | 8.66 [11] | ||
| Wu-Hausman F Statistic [df] | 1.66 [1, 482] | 2.53 [1, 482] |
Heteroscedasticity-robust asymptotic standard errors are in parentheses.
*
p< 0.1,
**
p< 0.05,
***
p< 0.01