Table 3.

Theory of mind components and diagnostic groups’ impairment information

Level	Other’s thought content	Modality of presentation	Construct	Test Score	Impaired groups, when controlling for other cognitive deficits
1	Knowledge of objective facts	Explicitly verbalized and presented	Visual perspective taking (explicit)	UCSF ToM: perspective taking items	bvFTD
2	Knowledge of objective facts	Implicitly presented	Visual perspective taking (implicit)	SI-E: “think” score across visual cue items	bvFTD
3	Mental opinion	Explicitly verbalized	Theory of mind	SI-E: “think” score across verbal cue items	bvFTD; PSP
4	Mental intention	Implicitly presented	Theory of mind	SI-E: “do” score across all items	bvFTD; PSP*
5	Emotion	Implicitly presented	Emotion reading	SI-E “feel” score across all items	bvFTD

Note: Group impairment was determined using GLM controlling for age, sex, education, MMSE, and the control task score (UCSF ToM perspective taking score controlling for control score, SI-E scores controlling for SI-M sincere score), with Dunnet-Hsu post-hoc tests.

^*PSP patients were only marginally impaired in inferring the mental intention on verbal cue items (p=.072) but not on visual cue items (ns)