(A) Chloroquine inhibits cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells, but not in unloaded cells.
(B) Chloroquine has no effect on cholesterol efflux at an early time point, but impairs cholesterol efflux upon prolonged inhibition of lysosomal function.
(C) Autophagic flux is induced in lipid-loaded macrophages.
(D and E) Effect of LAL inhibition on cholesterol efflux (D) and cellular CE mass (E) in unloaded versus lipid-loaded macrophages.