Table 1.

Distribution of depression and intake of antidepressants in 436 study participants by socio-demographic characteristics in the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST), NC, 2005-2008

Socio-demographic data				Depression			Antidepressant use
	Subgroup	n1	%1	n	%	p-value	n	%	p-value
Total:		436	100	66	15.1		44	10.1
Maternal age:	< 30	240	55.1	44	18.3	0.04	20	8.3	0.18
	≥30	196	44.9	22	11.2		24	12.2
Marital status:	living with partner	276	63.3	38	13.8	0.30	30	10.9	0.48
	single	160	36.7	28	17.5		14	8.8
Race2:	African American	215	49.3	33	15.4	0.95	14	6.5	0.01
	Caucasian	193	44.3	30	15.5		28	14.5
College graduate:	no	284	65.1	55	19.4	0.0004	31	10.9	0.45
	yes	151	34.6	10	6.6		13	8.6
Antidepressant use:	no	392	89.9	46	11.7	< 0.0001
	yes	44	10.1	20	45.5
Depression:	no	370	84.9				24	6.5	< 0.0001
	yes	66	15.1				20	30.3
BMI:	< 18	13	3.0	4	30.8	0.14	2	15.4	0.54
	18- < 25	189	43.4	24	12.7		13	6.9
	25-30	82	18.8	13	15.8		10	12.2
	> 30	111	25.5	14	12.6		14	12.6
Smoking 1 year before	non-smoker	305	70.0	46	15.1	0.92	30	9.8	0.82
pregnancy:	smoker	123	28.2	19	15.4		13	10.6
Smoking during	non-smoker	347	79.6	37	10.7	< 0.0001	29	8.4	0.02
pregnancy:	smoker	88	20.2	29	33.0		15	17.1
Birth weight:	< 2500 g	59	13.5	10	16.9	0.80	10	15.2	0.11
	≥2500 g	369	84.6	54	14.6		34	9.2
Gender of newborn:	male	221	50.7	35	15.8	0.60	19	8.6	0.24
	female	207	47.5	29	14.0		25	12.1

¹ The sum of the numbers (or percentages) for each characteristic are not always 436 (or 100), because some data were missing.

² Other races were: Asian (n = 7), Native American (n = 2), or not listed (n = 13).