Table 2.
Characteristics of a representative sample of Thai adults by gender and BMI status.
| Variables | Men (n = 3,170) | Women (n = 3,275) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI < 23.0 (n = 2,056) | BMI ≥ 23.0 (n = 1,117) | BMI < 23.0 (n = 1,794) | BMI ≥ 23.0 (n = 1,463) | |
| Age (years) | 38.8 ± 17.5 | 44.2 ± 15.8*** | 37.0 ± 17.0 | 45.4 ± 14.9*** |
| Places of Residence | χ2 = 22.9*** | χ2 = 0.002 | ||
| Rural | 964 (46.9) | 421 (38.0) | 791 (44.1) | 644 (44.0) |
| Urban | 1092 (53.1) | 686 (62.0) | 1003 (55.9) | 819 (56.0) |
| Education Levels | χ2 = 9.8** | χ2 = 0.02*** | ||
| Basic | 1048 (51.2) | 630 (57.0) | 849 (47.5) | 1076 (73.6) |
| Secondary | 832 (40.6) | 399 (36.0) | 731 (40.9) | 313 (21.4) |
| High | 168 (8.2) | 77 (7.0) | 208 (11.6) | 73 (5.0) |
| Employment Status | χ2 = 3.1 | χ2 = 5.1 | ||
| Employed | 1435 (82.2) | 875 (82.9) | 996 (67.0) | 885 (63.0) |
| Retired | 99 (5.7) | 71 (6.7) | 77 (5.2) | 85 (6.1) |
| Unemployed | 212 (12.1) | 109 (10.3) | 413 (27.8) | 434 (30.9) |
| Annual Household income ($) | 3095.1 ± 2924.2 | 3775.0 ± 3451.8*** | 3145.3 ± 3032.1 | 3299.4 ± 3255.9 |
| % Tobacco Smoking | 928 (45.1) | 431 (38.9)*** | 69 (3.8) | 53 (3.6) |
| Dietary Daily Intake | ||||
| Total Energy (kcal) | 1570.4 ± 619.4 | 1644.0 ± 660.8*** | 1314.8 ± 558.2 | 1326.3 ± 555.8 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 237.8 ± 107.6 | 247.1 ± 115.4* | 196.9 ± 92.6 | 201.9 ± 94.9 |
| Protein (g) | 59.6 ± 27.5 | 63.5 ± 30.2*** | 51.1 ± 25.9 | 51.6 ± 26.9 |
| Fat (g) | 39.5 ± 26.5 | 41.9 ± 28.3* | 35.5 ± 24.2 | 34.5 ± 24.8 |
| Food Groups (serving sizes) | ||||
| Rice and Starchy Foods | 9.5 ± 5.7 | 9.7 ± 5.6 | 7.8 ± 4.6 | 8.3 ± 4.8** |
| Vegetables | 6.1 ± 5.1 | 6.3 ± 5.3 | 5.8 ± 4.6 | 6.5 ± 5.3*** |
| Fruits | 5.0 ± 4.9 | 4.8 ± 4.5 | 5.2 ± 4.5 | 4.9 ± 4.2 |
| Dairy | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4*** | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.6*** |
| Meat | 13.2 ± 11.5 | 13.2 ± 11.9 | 11.5 ± 10.0 | 11.3 ± 9.3 |
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05