Table 4.
Intervention with vitamin D (with / without calcium) on bone mineral density (BMD).
| Study | Study design | n | Sex | Mean age (years) | Treatment | Length | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT, controlled trial; SAD, single arm den; OSD, open study design; F, female; M, male; D3, cholecalciferol; D2, ergocalciferol; Ca, calcium;/d, daily; wkly, weekly; mths, months; Inc., increase yr, year; yrs, years *added calcium supplements to ensure intakes were 1200-1500 mg/d | |||||||
| Vitamin D | |||||||
| Nordin et al. 1985 (105) | CT | 109 | F | 65-74 | 15,000 IU D2 wkly | 2 yrs | Reduced rate of metacarpal cortical bone loss |
| Ooms et al. 1995 (106) | CT | 348 | F | 80 | 400 IU D3/d | 2 yrs | Inc. in BMD; femoral neck; 1.9% in left, 2.6% in right |
| Adams et al. 1999 (107) | IT | 12 | F | 60 | 100 000 IU D2/wkly | 5 weeks | Inc. in BMD; femoral neck (4.9%) & spine (4.1%) |
| Hunter et al. 2000 (108) | CT | 128 | F | 58.7 | 800 IU D3/d | 2 yrs | No effect |
| Peacock et al. 2000 (71) | CT | 438 | M/F | 74 | 800 IU D3/d | 4 yrs | No effect |
| Patel et al. 2001(109) | CT | 70 | F | 47.2 | 800 IU D3/d | 2 yrs | No effect |
| Vitamin D with calcium | |||||||
| Dawson Hughes et al. 1991(110) | CT | 249 | F | 81 | 400 IU D3 & 377 mg Ca/d | 1 yr | Reduced winter time bone loss/improved BMD of spine |
| Chapuy et al. 1992 (81) | CT | 3270 | F | 84 | 800 IU D3 & 1200 mg Ca/d | 2 yrs | BMD of femur increased by 2.7% compared to placebo |
| Dawson Hughes et al. 1995 (112) | CT | 247 | F | 63 | 700 IU D3 & 500 mg Ca/d | 3 yrs | 1.5% inc. in BMD in femoral neck in 700 IU group only |
| Adachi et al. 1995 (113) | CT | 62 | M/F | 64 | 7142 IU D3 & 1000 mg Ca/d | 35mths | No effect |
| Bernstein et al. 1996 (114) | CT | 24 | M/F | 35 | 250 IU D3 & 1000 mg Ca/d | 1yr | No effect |
| Buckley et al. 1996 (115) | CT | 66 | M/F | 52 | 500 IU D3 & 1000 mg Ca/d | 2 yrs | No effect |
| DawsonHughes et al. 1997 (84) | CT | 389 | M/F | 71 | 700 IU D3 & 500 mg Ca/d | 3 yrs | Inc. in BMD |
| Baeksgaard et al. 1998(117) | CT | 240 | F | 62.5 | 560 IU D3 & 1000 mg Ca/d | 2 yrs | 1.6% inc. in lumbar spine BMD |
| Komulainen et al. 1999 (85) | RT | 464 | F | 52 | 300 IU C/c/d (100IU D3/d 5th year) & 93 mg Ca/d | 5 yrs | No effect |
| Cooper et al. 2003(120) | CT | 187 | F | 56 | 1,428 IU D2 & 1000 mg Ca/d | 2 yrs | No effect |
| Meier et al. 2004 (121) | OSD | 55 | M/F | 56 | 500 IU D3 & 500 mg Ca/d | 2 yrs | 0.8 % inc. in lumbar spine BMD |
| Harwood et al. 2004 (88) | OSD | 76 | F | 82 | 800IU D3 & 1000 mg Ca/d | 1 yr | Change in Hip BMD |
| Aloia et al. 2005 (122) | CT | 280 | F | 50-75 | 800 IU D3/d (2000IU after 2yrs) | 3 yrs | No effect |
| Jackson et al. 2006 (92) | CT | 36282 | F | 62 | 400 IU D3 & 500 mg Ca/d | 7 yrs | Change in Hip BMD (+1.06% compared to placebo) |
| Mocanu et al. 2009 (123) | SAD | 45 | M/F | 71 | 5000 IU D3/d & 320 mg Ca/d | 1 yr | 4% inc. lumbar spine & 23.4% inc. hip BMD |