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. 2011 Mar 29;3(4):385–428. doi: 10.3390/nu3040385

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© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic showing the location of RA and Cyp26 expression in a presomitic mouse embryo undergoing (A) patterning of the neural plate and (B) later during the course of hindbrain patterning. (A) RA generated by RALDH2 in the posterior mesoderm forms an early anterior boundary of activity in the neural plate at presumptive rhombomere (pr) 2/pr3, whereas Cyp26A1 and Cyp26C1 are expressed rostral to the pr2 border; (B) By E8.0 to E8.5, RA is being expressed by the somites and anterior presomitic mesoderm, and acts on the overlying hindbrain and spinal cord. The activity of the CYP26 enzymes regulate access of the neuroepithelium to RA (Adapted from [139]).