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. 2011 Aug 31;3(9):765–791. doi: 10.3390/nu3090765

Table 2.

ACE inhibitory peptides derived from meat of fish. Adapted with permission from American Chemical Society [3], Copyright 2005.

Source Amino acid sequence Parent protein Enzyme IC50 (µM) SHR a Ref.
bonito IKPLNY muscle thermolysin 43 nt [75]
IVGRPRHQG actin thermolysin 2.4 nt [75]
IWHHT actin thermolysin 5.8 nt [75]
ALPHA actin thermolysin 10 nt [75]
FQP actin thermolysin 12 nt [75]
LKPNM muscle thermolysin 2.4 ∆ 23.0 mmHg b [72,75]
IY actin thermolysin 2.31 ∆ 19.0 mmHg b [72,75]
DYGLYP muscle thermolysin 62 nt [75]
LKP muscle thermolysin 0.32 ∆ 18.0 mmHg b [72]
IWHHT actin thermolysin 3.5 ∆ 26.0 mmHg b [72]
IKP muscle thermolysin 6.9 ∆ 20.0 mmHg b [72]
IVGRPR actin thermolysin 300 ∆ 25.0 mmHg b [89]
salmon WA muscle thermolysin 277.3 nt [74]
VW muscle thermolysin 2.5 nt [74]
WM muscle thermolysin 96.6 nt [74]
MW muscle thermolysin 9.9 nt [74]
IW muscle thermolysin 4.7 nt [74]
LW muscle thermolysin 17.4 nt [74]
sardine MF muscle alcalase 44.7 nt [73]
RY muscle alcalase 51 nt [73]
MY muscle alcalase 193 nt [73]
LY muscle alcalase 38.5 nt [73]
YL muscle alcalase 82 nt [73]
IY muscle alcalase 10.5 nt [73]
VF muscle alcalase 43.7 nt [73]
GRP muscle alcalase 20 nt [73]
RFP muscle alcalase 330 nt [73]
AKK muscle alcalase 3.13 nt [73]
RVY muscle alcalase 205.6 nt [73]
GWAP muscle alcalase 3.86 nt [73]
KY muscle alcalase 1.63 nt [73]
VY muscle alcalase 10 ∆ 7.0 mmHg [99,100]
tuna PTHIKWGD muscle acid nd nt [101]
GDLGKTTTVSNWSPPKYKDTP frame protein pepsin 11.28 ∆ 21.0 mmHg [51]
WPEAAELMMEVDP dark muscle pepsin 21.6 ∆ 18.0 mmHg [49]
alaska pollack GPL skin alcalase + pronase + collagenase 2.65 nt [102]
GPM skin alcalase + pronase + collagenase 17.13 nt [102]
FGASTRGA frame protein pepsin 14.7 nt [95]
yellowfin sole MIFPGAGGPEL frame protein α chymotrypsin 28.7 ∆ 22.0 mmHg [96]
shark EY muscle protease SM98011 1.98 nt [98]
FE muscle protease SM98012 2.68 nt [98]
CF muscle protease SM98013 1.45 nt [98]

a The maximum decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR upon oral administration of peptide at 10 mg/kg;

b The maximum decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR upon oral administration of peptide at 60 mg/kg; nt: Not tested in SHR; nd: IC50 of peptide was not determined.