Table 3.

Odds of Carrying and Lifting One or More Hours per Day Adjusted for Demographic, Health Status, Health Behavior, and Farm Activities, Agricultural Health Study, 1993–1997^a

	Farmers (n=21,295)		Spouses (n=30,591)
Characteristic	Odds of CL ≥ 1 hr per day	95% CI	Odds of CL ≥ 1 hr per day	95% CI
Education
High School Degree or less	1.21	1.13–1.29	1.25	1.17–1.34
Greater than High School Degree	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Race
White	1.00	Referent	^^^	^^^
Non-white	0.61	0.48–0.77	^^^	^^^
Years spent on farms
>10years	0.79	0.66–0.95	1.00	Referent
11–30 years	1.07	0.99–1.16	0.80	0.72–0.88
> 30 years	1.00	Referent	0.94	0.87–1.00
Age
< 50	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
≥ 50	0.52	0.49–0.55	0.60	0.56–0.64
Ever Employed off the Farm
Yes	1.09	1.02–1.17	------	------
No	1.00	Referent	------	------
History of Cancer Diagnosis
Yes	^^^	^^^	0.84	0.73–0.96
No	^^^	^^^	1.00	Referent
Body Mass Index Categories
Under or Normal Weight	^^^	^^^	1.00	Referent
Overweight	^^^	^^^	1.13	1.04–1.23
Obese	^^^	^^^	1.18	1.07–1.30
Leisure PA (tertile)
Low	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Moderate	1.35	1.26–1.44	1.21	1.11–1.31
High	1.84	1.69–2.00	1.64	1.50–1.79
Hours spent in the sun per day
Up to 3 hours	0.54	0.48–0.60	0.44	0.41–0.48
3–5 hours	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
> 5 hours	1.58	1.48–1.69	1.60	1.45–1.77
Currently Smokes
Yes	1.18	1.07–1.29	1.33	121–1.46
No	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Apply chemical fertilizerb,c	1.20	1.12–1.28	1.18	1.06–1.30
Apply natural fertilizerb,c	1.30	1.21–1.40	1.30	1.18–1.43
Drive combinesb,c	1.08	1.00–1.17	^^^	^^^
Drive diesel tractorsd,e	1.36	1.23–1.50	1.30	1.20–1.41
Drive gasoline tractorsc, b	1.17	1.10–1.24	1.26	1.17–1.36
Drive trucksd,e	1.30	1.22–1.38	1.51	1.42–1.61
Grind animal feedd,e	1.31	1.20–1.43	1.86	1.64–2.11
Grind metald,e	1.10	1.01–1.21	^^^	^^^
Hand pick cropsb,c	1.32	1.19–1.46	1.15	1.06–1.25
Milk cowsd,e	1.77	1.51–2.08	1.92	1.64–2.25
Paintd,e	1.48	1.14–1.92	1.26	1.18–1.34
Plantb,c	1.24	1.15–1.34	1.42	1.29–1.55
Repair enginesd,e	1.40	1.22–1.61	1.66	1.27–217
Till the soilb,c	1.14	1.06–1.23	1.08	1.00–1.17
Weldingd,e	1.09	1.00–1.20	0.79	0.58–1.08
Work in the fieldsc,f	--------	--------	1.99	1.85–2.14
Acres Planted in the Past Year
0	0.69	0.57–0.83	^^^	^^^
1–199	1.00	Referent	^^^	^^^
≥ 200	0.79	0.73–0.85	^^^	^^^

Notes: “--------” indicates variables that were available for one group (farmers or spouses) and not the other.

“^{^^^}” indicates variable was insignificant in full model and therefore not included in the final model.

“CI” is Confidence Interval

^aThe following variables were not significantly associated with CL in the full model and therefore not included in this final model: marital status, state of residency and history of chronic disease.

^bFarmers-performed more than 5 days in the growing season

^cSpouses-farm activities performed at least once a growing season

^dFarmers-farm activities performed more than once per week

^eSpouses- farm activities performed at least once a month

^fThe amount of time working in the fields was not asked for farmers