Table 4.

Association of cardiac and non-cardiac dysfunction with incident heart failure

Characteristics	Hazards ratio (95%CI)*	P value*
All incident HF
LV systolic dysfunction	1.97 (1.05–3.68)	0.034
LV diastolic dysfunction	1.40 (1.02-1.93)	0.039
Non-cardiac risk score† per 1 unit increase	1.30 (1.06-1.60)	0.013
Incident HFREF
LV systolic dysfunction	3.93 (1.86 – 8.30)	<0.001
Serum creatinine per 1SD increase	1.32 (1.04 – 1.69)	0.025
Hemoglobin concentration per 1unit decrease	1.31 (1.10 – 1.55)	0.002
Incident HFPEF
LV diastolic dysfunction	1.88 (1.13 – 3.13)	0.016
FEV1:FVC ratio per 1SD decrease	1.38 (1.04 – 1.83)	0.024

HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular; HFREF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFPEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; FEV1:FVC, ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity

^*Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, and valvular heart disease (valvular heart disease excluded for HFPEF) in 676 participants without any missing variables (170 total HF events: 82 HFREF, 66 HFPEF, 22 EF unavailable).

^†Components of the non-cardiac risk score are described and their individual hazards ratios are shown in Table 3.