Fig. 4.

Modulation of proinflammatory mediators in tissues after injection with virulent L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. Shown is the m/h ratio of relative normalized expression calculated as defined in the text for IL-1β (filled bars), IL-6 (open bars), TNF-α (hatched bars), and COX-2 (gray bars) in blood (A), liver (B), kidneys (C), and lungs (D) from animals (n = 3) injected with virulent L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae strain Verdun. An m/h ratio of >1 represents higher target gene expression in mice than hamsters, and conversely, a ratio of <1 represents higher target gene expression in hamsters.