Table 2.
Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin levels and ratio of femur weight to body weight (FW/BW) in the control and experimental groups of rats*
| Group | Treatment | Code | PTH (pg/mL) | Calcitonin (pg/mL) | FW/BW ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondiabetic | Nontreated | C | 44 (17.1) | 1.5 (0.16) | 0.02 (0.001) |
| Diabetic | Nontreated | NTD | 65.3 (16.5)a | 3.2 (0.4)a | 0.014 (0.004) |
| Insulin | ITD | 54.2 (21.1) | 1.6 (0.1)b | 0.024 (0.003)b | |
| Propolis | PTD | 53 ± 19.9 | 1.98 (0.1)b | 0.025 (0.001)a,b | |
| Double propolis | DPTD | 50.1 (19.5) | 1.77 (0.3)b | 0.028 (0.001)a,b | |
| Insulin + propolis | PITD | 45.1 (20.5) | 1.75 (0.4)b | 0.028 (0.001)a,b | |
| Insulin + double propolis | DPID | 44.3 (20) | 1.69 (0.3)b | 0.029 (0.003)a,b |
*
Notes: Results are presented as mean (standard error of the mean).
a
Significantly different from C;
b
significantly different from NTD using one-way analysis of variance at P < 0.05. There were ten rats in each group.
Abbreviations: C, nondiabetic; DPITD, double-dose propolis- and insulin-treated diabetic; DPTD, double-dose propolis-treated diabetic; ITD, insulin-treated diabetic; NTD, nontreated diabetic; PITD, propolis- and insulin-treated diabetic; PTD, propolis-treated diabetic.