Table 2.
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs as mediators in virus–host interactions.
| Category | miRNA | Gene | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viral miRNAs target viral genes | KSHV-miR-K12-9-5p, KSHV-miR-K12-7-5p, KSHV-miR-K12-5 | RTA | Repress RTA to maintain latency | Bellare and Ganem (2009), Lu et al. (2010b), Lin et al. (2011) |
| Viral miRNAs target cellular genes | KSHV-miR-K12-1 | IκB | Inhibit RTA through NF-κB signaling to maintain latency | Lei et al. (2010) |
| p21 | Repress growth arrest | Gottwein and Cullen (2010) | ||
| MAF | Facilitate cell trans-differentiation | Hansen et al. (2010) | ||
| KSHV-miR-K12-3 | NFIB | Suppress RTA through NFIB to maintain latency | Lu et al. (2010a) | |
| CEBPB | Induce IL-6 and IL-10 expression via inhibiting CEBPB | Qin et al. (2009) | ||
| KSHV-miR-K12-4-5p | RBL2 | Alter epigenetics by derepressing RBL2-DNMT pathway | Lu et al. (2010b) | |
| KSHV-miR-K12-6-5p | MAF | Facilitate cell trans-differentiation | Hansen et al. (2010) | |
| KSHV-miR-K12-7 | MICB | Suppress cell-mediated immunity | Nachmani et al. (2009) | |
| CEBPB | Induce IL-6 and IL-10 expression via inhibiting CEBPB | Qin et al. (2009) | ||
| KSHV-miR-K12-10a | TWEAKR | Anti-apoptosis/inflammation | Abend et al. (2010) | |
| KSHV-miR-K12-11 | IKKε | Repress IFN response | Liang et al. (2011) | |
| SMAD5 | Promote cell survival through repressing SMAD5 mediated TGF-β signaling | Liu et al. (2011) | ||
| MAF | Facilitate cell trans-differentiation | Hansen et al. (2010) | ||
| BACH1 | Gottwein et al. (2007), Skalsky et al. (2007) | |||
| KSHV-miR-cluster | THBS1 | Angiogenesis | Samols et al. (2007) | |
| BCLF1 | Inhibit caspase and promote viral replication | Ziegelbauer et al. (2009) | ||
| Cellular miRNAs target viral genes | hsa-miR-1293 | vIL-6 | Restrict viral pathogenesis | Kang et al. (2011) |
| Cellular miRNAs target cellular genes | hsa-miR-608 | hIL-6 | Restrict viral pathogenesis | Kang et al. (2011) |
| hsa-miR-132 | p300 | Immune evasion | Lagos et al. (2010) | |
| Viral genes target viral miRNAs | KSHV-miR-K12-9-5p | PAN | Predicted | |
| Viral genes target cellular miRNAs | hsa-miR-146a | vFLIP | Repress CXCR4 | Cazalla et al. (2010), Punj et al. (2010) |
| Cellular genes target viral miRNAs | KSHV-miR-K12-10, KSHV-miR-K12-12 | Drosha | Regulate miRNAs expression and facilitate cell survival via promoting kaposin B expression | Lin and Sullivan (2011) |
| Cellular genes target cellular miRNAs | hsa-miR-132 | CREB/p300 | Induce hsa-miR-132 expression during early viral infection | Lagos et al. (2010) |