Table 1.
Characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes samples
Type 1 diabetes (N = 490) | Type 2 diabetes (N = 1147) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | N (%) | Mean (SD) | N (%) | P value* | |
Demographic factors | |||||
Age (years) | 51.5 (16.4) | 63.7 (11.4) | < 0.0001 | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 230 (46.9) | 605 (52.7) | 0.03 | ||
Female | 260 (53.1) | 542 (47.3) | |||
Marital status | 0.11 | ||||
No partner | 125 (25.5) | 251 (21.9) | |||
Have partner | 365 (74.5) | 896 (78.1) | |||
Education | 0.001 | ||||
No college degree | 276 (56.3) | 747 (65.1) | |||
College degree and higher | 214 (43.7) | 400 (34.9) | |||
Annual income | < 0.0001 | ||||
< $20,000 | 50 (10.2) | 157 (13.7) | |||
$20,000-39,999 | 112 (22.9) | 330 (28.8) | |||
$40,000-59,999 | 105 (21.4) | 293 (25.5) | |||
$60,000-79,999 | 109 (22.2) | 172 (15.0) | |||
$80,000-99,999 | 43 (8.8) | 89 (7.8) | |||
$100,000 < | 71 (14.5) | 106 (9.2) | |||
Activity (personality) trait (score 1-5) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.6) | 0.11 | ||
Medical factors | |||||
Diabetes duration (years) | 21.6 (12.8) | 11.2 (12.8) | < 0.0001 | ||
Insulin use | < 0.0001 | ||||
Yes | 490 (100.0) | 254 (22.1) | |||
Number of comorbidities (range 0-5) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | < 0.0001 | ||
0 | 199 (40.6) | 220 (19.2) | |||
1 | 138 (28.2) | 329 (28.7) | |||
2 | 85 (17.3) | 377 (32.9) | |||
3 | 44 (9.0) | 147 (12.8) | |||
4 | 20 (4.1) | 62 (5.4) | |||
5 | 4 (0.8) | 12 (1.0) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (4.6) | 29.1 (5.7) | < 0.0001 | ||
Lifestyle factors | |||||
Smoking | 0.81 | ||||
Nonsmoking | 457 (93.3) | 1066 (92.9) | |||
Currently smoking | 33 (6.7) | 81 (7.1) | |||
Physical Activity (min/week) | 184.4 (133.5) | 179.2 (134.9) | 0.48 | ||
Diet behavior (score 0-7) | |||||
Diet-general diet | 5.5 (1.5) | 5.3 (1.7) | 0.01 | ||
Diet-specific diet | 5.1 (1.4) | 5.3 (1.4) | 0.05 | ||
Diet-spacing carbohydrates | 5.6 (1.9) | 5.3 (2.0) | 0.002 | ||
Quality of life | |||||
Health-related quality of life (score 0-100) | 54.8 (26.9) | 54.7 (25.7) | 0.96 | ||
Life satisfaction (score 5-35) | 16.2 (4.3) | 16.6 (4.3) | 0.14 |
BMI: body mass index
P value: t-tests/Chi-square analyses comparing differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes samples.