Table 3.
Characteristics of the subjects by chronic kidney disease
| Characteristics | CKD (−) (n = 10,362) | CKD (+) (n = 1,225) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.8 ± 8.7 | 61.5 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 2.9 | 23.9 ± 2.6 | <0.05 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 94.2 ± 11.1 | 94.7 ± 12.3 | 0.12 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 78.6 ± 6.4 | 77.3 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 1.19 ± 0.80 | <0.001 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76.8 ± 11.1 | 53.1 ± 7.6 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.11 ± 0.32 | 0.18 ± 0.65 | <0.05 |
| Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (%) | 31.6 | 39.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 29.2 | 47.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 9.7 | 11.8 | <0.05 |
| Medication | |||
| Treatment for cholesterolemia (%) | 7.4 | 15.8 | <0.001 |
| Treatment for hypertension (%) | 17.0 | 37.6 | <0.001 |
| Treatment for diabetes (%) | 4.9 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Lung function status | <0.001 | ||
| Normal lung function | 92.4 | 89.1 | |
| GOLD stage I | 3.7 | 5.3 | |
| GOLD stage II–IV | 3.8 | 5.6 | |
| Smoking history (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Never smokers | 31.0 | 38.7 | |
| Former smokers | 36.8 | 48.3 | |
| Current smokers | 32.2 | 13.0 | |
| Pack-yearsa | 18.8 ± 19.8 | 17.3 ± 21.1 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Non-drinkers | 22.9 | 31.4 | |
| 1–2 days/week | 13.3 | 12.7 | |
| 3–4 days/week | 11.3 | 10.4 | |
| 5–6 days/week | 12.7 | 14.8 | |
| Everyday drinkers | 39.8 | 30.7 | |
| Regular physical activitya (%) | 34.5 | 49.5 | <0.001 |
Data were analyzed by Student’s t test and the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Values are presented as the mean and, where appropriate, ± SD
aPack-years and Regular physical activity are as defined in the footnote to Table 1