Table 4.
Comparison of anthropometric and physical fitness parameters between subjects with and without medications as classified by age groups
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication (−) | Medication (+) | p | Medication (−) | Medication (+) | p | |
| All subjects | ||||||
| First analysis | ||||||
| Number of subjects | 229 | 520 | 540 | 817 | ||
| Height (cm) | 164.2 ± 5.4 | 164.5 ± 5.5 | 0.4997 | 152.0 ± 5.2 | 151.8 ± 4.9 | 0.3762 |
| Body weight (kg) | 64.6 ± 8.7 | 66.5 ± 9.5 | 0.0097 | 54.4 ± 7.6 | 55.8 ± 8.0 | 0.0015 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 2.7 | 24.5 ± 3.1 | 0.0076 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 0.0002 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 84.7 ± 9.0 | 86.7 ± 9.2 | 0.0055 | 77.4 ± 9.0 | 79.8 ± 9.4 | <0.0001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 91.3 ± 5.0 | 92.2 ± 5.6 | 0.0305 | 89.9 ± 5.2 | 90.5 ± 5.5 | 0.0646 |
| Right grip strength (kg) | 37.5 ± 6.6 | 35.9 ± 7.2 | 0.0028 | 23.0 ± 4.4 | 21.8 ± 4.6 | <0.0001 |
| Left grip strength (kg) | 35.8 ± 6.7 | 34.6 ± 7.0 | 0.0213 | 22.0 ± 4.2 | 21.0 ± 4.6 | <0.0001 |
| Leg strength (kg) | 53.1 ± 12.8 | 50.2 ± 13.5 | 0.0059 | 36.2 ± 8.0 | 34.7 ± 9.0 | 0.0013 |
| Leg strength per body weight | 0.83 ± 0.19 | 0.76 ± 0.19 | <0.0001 | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.63 ± 0.17 | <0.0001 |
| Flexibility (cm) | 2.3 ± 10.8 | −0.2 ± 9.9 | 0.0023 | 11.7 ± 8.0 | 11.0 ± 8.1 | 0.1189 |
| Second analysis | ||||||
| Number of subjects | 33 | 269 | 55 | 212 | ||
| Oxygen uptake at VT (ml/kg/min) | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 12.4 ± 2.0 | 0.2280 | 11.8 ± 1.6 | 11.9 ± 1.7 | 0.7549 |
| Work rate at VT (watt) | 59.0 ± 12.8 | 52.9 ± 13.8 | 0.0176 | 40.4 ± 9.2 | 38.2 ± 10.8 | 0.1651 |
| Heart rate at VT (beats/min) | 96.7 ± 9.9 | 95.6 ± 13.2 | 0.6505 | 99.7 ± 12.5 | 98.8 ± 12.8 | 0.6563 |
| 60–69 | ||||||
| First analysis | ||||||
| Number of subjects | 195 | 409 | 490 | 668 | ||
| Height (cm) | 164.8 ± 5.0 | 164.8 ± 5.5 | 0.9816 | 152.2 ± 5.1 | 152.2 ± 4.8 | 0.8692 |
| Body weight (kg) | 65.7 ± 8.2 | 66.9 ± 9.4 | 0.1204 | 54.5 ± 7.6 | 56.0 ± 7.9 | 0.0016 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 2.6 | 24.6 ± 3.1 | 0.0755 | 23.5 ± 3.1 | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 0.0010 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 85.4 ± 8.8 | 86.6 ± 9.2 | 0.1416 | 77.2 ± 8.8 | 79.2 ± 9.2 | 0.0002 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 91.8 ± 4.7 | 92.4 ± 5.7 | 0.1956 | 89.9 ± 5.2 | 90.6 ± 5.5 | 0.0304 |
| Right grip strength (kg) | 38.2 ± 6.2 | 36.8 ± 7.0 | 0.0168 | 23.1 ± 4.5 | 22.1 ± 4.5 | 0.0006 |
| Left grip strength (kg) | 36.8 ± 6.3 | 35.6 ± 6.7 | 0.0427 | 22.0 ± 4.3 | 21.3 ± 4.5 | 0.0117 |
| Leg strength (kg) | 54.7 ± 12.4 | 52.5 ± 13.1 | 0.0472 | 36.3 ± 8.0 | 35.5 ± 8.9 | 0.1073 |
| Leg strength per body weight | 0.84 ± 0.19 | 0.79 ± 0.19 | 0.0028 | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.17 | 0.0018 |
| Flexibility (cm) | 2.5 ± 10.5 | 0.2 ± 9.6 | 0.0087 | 11.6 ± 8.0 | 11.1 ± 8.0 | 0.3002 |
| Second analysis | ||||||
| Number of subjects | 30 | 225 | 53 | 175 | ||
| Oxygen uptake at VT (ml/kg/min) | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 0.5373 | 11.8 ± 1.7 | 12.1 ± 1.7 | 0.3367 |
| Work rate at VT (watt) | 59.5 ± 12.5 | 55.6 ± 12.6 | 0.1052 | 40.5 ± 9.4 | 40.1 ± 10.2 | 0.7872 |
| Heart rate at VT (beats/min) | 97.1 ± 10.2 | 96.5 ± 12.8 | 0.8199 | 99.6 ± 12.6 | 99.3 ± 12.8 | 0.8459 |
| 70–79 | ||||||
| First analysis | ||||||
| Number of subjects | 34 | 111 | 50 | 149 | ||
| Height (cm) | 160.7 ± 6.3 | 163.3 ± 5.7 | 0.0243 | 150.4 ± 5.5 | 149.7 ± 4.7 | 0.4049 |
| Body weight (kg) | 58.2 ± 8.8 | 64.9 ± 9.7 | 0.0005 | 53.8 ± 7.4 | 55.1 ± 8.1 | 0.3041 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 3.0 | 24.3 ± 2.9 | 0.0025 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | 24.6 ± 3.2 | 0.1770 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 80.5 ± 9.4 | 87.2 ± 9.0 | 0.0003 | 80.0 ± 10.9 | 82.6 ± 9.9 | 0.1158 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 88.2 ± 5.9 | 91.5 ± 5.3 | 0.0029 | 90.2 ± 4.7 | 90.0 ± 5.6 | 0.7944 |
| Right grip strength (kg) | 33.4 ± 7.4 | 32.3 ± 6.8 | 0.3916 | 22.7 ± 4.0 | 20.3 ± 4.4 | 0.0006 |
| Left grip strength (kg) | 30.6 ± 6.5 | 30.9 ± 6.6 | 0.8323 | 21.9 ± 3.9 | 19.4 ± 4.3 | 0.0004 |
| Leg strength (kg) | 43.5 ± 11.3 | 41.5 ± 11.4 | 0.3593 | 34.8 ± 8.1 | 30.8 ± 8.6 | 0.0043 |
| Leg strength per body weight | 0.76 ± 0.21 | 0.65 ± 0.17 | 0.0015 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.0010 |
| Flexibility (cm) | 1.0 ± 12.4 | −1.8 ± 11.0 | 0.2127 | 12.1 ± 8.0 | 10.3 ± 8.6 | 0.1793 |
| Second analysis | ||||||
| Number of subjects | 3 | 44 | 2 | 37 | ||
| Oxygen uptake at VT (ml/kg/min) | 12.8 ± 1.8 | 11.4 ± 1.7 | 0.1685 | 11.9 ± 1.0 | 11.1 ± 1.5 | 0.4774 |
| Work rate at VT (watt) | 53.3 ± 17.6 | 39.5 ± 11.9 | 0.0642 | 37.5 ± 3.5 | 29.2 ± 8.8 | 0.1980 |
| Heart rate at VT (beats/min) | 93.0 ± 7.2 | 91.0 ± 14.4 | 0.8183 | 100.5 ± 13.4 | 96.7 ± 12.8 | 0.6887 |
Values are means ± SD. p values in boldface are significant
VT ventilatory threshold