Table 3.
COX1- and COX2-positive Mononuclear and Endothelial Cell Immunoreactivity in Monkey Brainsduring SIV Infection and Antiretroviral Treatment
| Monkey groups | No. | Mononuclear cells† | Endothelial cells‡ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COX1 | COX2 | COX1 | COX2 | ||||||
| Diffuse | Focal | Diffuse | Focal | Diffuse | Focal | Diffuse | Focal | ||
| Ctrl | 44 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − |
| 50 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 69 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 87 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| SIV,−AIDS | 75 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − |
| 80 | +/++ | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 85 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 92 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 93 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| SIV,+AIDS | 46 | + | + | − | + | + | NA | − | + |
| 71 | ++ | ++ | − | ++ | + | NA | − | ++ | |
| 74 | +++ | ++ | − | ++ | + | NA | − | +/++ | |
| 78 | +++ | +++ | − | +++ | + | NA | − | +++ | |
| 79 | +/++ | ++ | − | +/++ | + | NA | − | + | |
| 82 | +++ | +++ | − | +++ | + | NA | − | +++ | |
| 86 | +++ | +++ | − | ++ | + | NA | − | ++ | |
| SIV,+AIDS,+ddG | 70 | +/++ | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − |
| 72 | ++ | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 73 | ++ | −/+ | − | −/+ | + | NA | − | − | |
| 83 | ++ | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 89 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
| 91 | + | − | − | − | + | NA | − | − | |
Immunohistochemistry for COX1 and COX2 was performed on sections of several brain regions (frontal and parietal cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia), analyzed, summarized and scored.
Diffuse mononuclear cell immunoreactivity was scored as: − (no staining), + (no signs of activation, more resting ramified type of microglia), ++(increased number of microglia), +++ (increased activation, phagocytic type of cells). Focal mononuclear cell immunoreactivity was scored as: − (no appearance of infiltrates, nodules, or multinucleated giant cells), + (low) to +++(severe encephalitis, high number of infiltrates, nodules, and multinucleated giant cells).
Diffuse endothelial cell immunoreactivity was scored as follows: − (no staining) and + (global vascular staining). Focal endothelial staining was scored as: − (no vessel staining), + (few) to +++(strong nodular vessel staining).
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; 6-Cl-ddG, 6-chloro-2′.3′-dideoxyguanosine; COX1/2, cyclooxygenase isotype-1/2; Ctrl, non-infected control animals; NA, not applicable; No, number; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; SIV,−AIDS, SIV-infected animals without AIDS; SIV,+AIDS, SIV-infected animals with AIDS; SIV,+AIDS,+ddG, SIV-infected animals with AIDS and antiretroviral treatment with 6-Cl-ddG.