Table 2. Rehabilitation measures in blind or visually impaired patients.

Reading impairment	Orientation impairment
Vision aids Magnifying Contrast-increasing Illuminated	Vision aids Telescope Increasing contrast Night vision device*
Tactile aids Braille	Obstacle detection Long cane Guide dog Ultrasound device*
Acoustic aids Speech output Audio books	Acoustic aids: electronic guidance systems GPS* Public guidance systems*
How to use aids Learning possible compensatory behaviors Fixation training Specific reading training	Training How to use aids Learning possible compensatory behaviors Orientation and mobility training Saccade training
All visual impairments
Social counseling Effect on life at school, at work, in leisure activities, independent living Being registered as disabled Special state support due to blindness Self-help groups

^*These aids are not yet in routine use