Representative positive- and negative-ion ESI mass spectra acquired under weak acidic, neutral, and weak basic conditions. A lipid extract of mouse myocardium was prepared and mass spectrometric analysis was performed (Han, Yang, & Gross, 2008). Positive- and negative-ion ESI mass spectra as indicated were acquired after direct infusion in the presence of 10% acetic acid (Panels A and B), 5 mM ammonium acetate (Panels C and D), and 10 μM lithium hydroxide (Panels E and F) in the infused solution. IS and Ac stand for “internal standard” and “acetate”, respectively.