Specificity determinants within β-arrestin-2 for binding to
JNK3. A, schematic of the β-arrestin constructs used in the
experiments and a summary of their binding to JNK3 (- represents weak or no
binding; + represents strong binding). The position of the D-domain like
sequence is indicated. B and C, constructs expressing
GST-tagged β-arrestin-2 deletion mutants were introduced into COS-7 cells
together with expression vectors for HA-JNK3 (B) and HA-ASK1
(C). GST-containing complexes were isolated from cell lysates with
glutathione-Sepharose beads, and the JNK3 or ASK1 present in the pull-down
(PD) was examined by immunoblot using anti-HA antibody. The
expression of the ASK1, JNK3, and β-arrestin-2 was examined by
immunoblotting the lysates with anti-HA and anti-GST antibodies, respectively.
D and E, constructs expressing the indicated GST-tagged
β-arrestin proteins were introduced into COS-7 cells together with an
expression vector for HA-JNK3. GST-containing complexes were isolated from
cell lysates with glutathione-Sepharose beads and the JNK3 present in the
pull-down (PD) was examined by immunoblot using anti-HA antibody. The
expression of the JNK3 and the β-arrestin proteins was examined by
immunoblotting the lysates with anti-HA and anti-GST antibodies, respectively.
F, sequence alignment of the putative D-domains in β-arrestin-1
and β-arrestin-2. The D-domains are boxed, and the key Ser and
Pro residues highlighted. Numbers refer to the amino acid
position. G, constructs expressing the indicated FLAG-tagged
β-arrestin-2 mutants were introduced into COS-7 cells together with an
expression vector for either GST or GST-JNK3. GST-containing complexes were
isolated from cell lysates with glutathione-Sepharose beads, and the
β-arrestin proteins present in the pull-down (PD) was examined
by immunoblot using the M2 antibody. The expression of the JNK3 and the
β-arrestin proteins was examined by immunoblotting the lysates with
anti-GST and M2 antibodies, respectively. H, constructs expressing
the indicated FLAG-tagged β-arrestin proteins were introduced into COS-7
cells together with an expression vector for GST-JNK3. FLAG-β-arrestin-2
complexes were isolated from cell lysates by immunoprecipitation with the M2
antibody (M2-IP), and JNK3 present in the precipitates was examined
by immunoblot using an anti-GST antibody. The expression of the JNK3 and the
β-arrestin proteins was examined by immunoblotting the lysates with
anti-GST and M2 antibodies, respectively. I, scheme of
β-arrestin-2 scaffold assembly. The C terminus of β-arrestin-2
(denoted C) binds to the extended N terminus of JNK3 (denoted
N), and this binding is controlled by residues within the D-domain of
β-arrestin-2 (denoted D). MKK4 is recruited to the complex via
its D-domain (denoted D) binding to JNK3. ASK1 binds to the N
terminus of β-arrestin-2 (denoted N). Experiments were performed
either two or three times, and representative immunoblots are shown.