Figure 10.

Model simulations for a 2 μm bubble excited by a 2 MPa sinusoidal HIFU waveform at 2 MHz. (a) Examples of the predicted radial dynamics at low and high temperatures. (b) Variation of the broadband acoustic energy radiated by the bubble as a function of the ambient temperature and the bubble model used for the simulation. The “static vapor” model simulates a bubble with only non-condensable gas, while reducing the static liquid pressure by the saturation vapor pressure at a given ambient temperature.