Table 3.

Neonatal outcomes associated with multiple gestations in Lagos, Nigeria

Outcome	Singletons (n=4416) No. (%)	Multiple births (n=302) No. (%)	Crude odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted OR$ (95% CI)	Adjusted OR§ (95% CI)
Prenatal
Female sex	2,106 (92.7)	166 (7.3)	1.33 (1.07-1.66)	1.34 (1.05-1.72)*	-
Gestational age <34 weeks	136 (85.5)	23 (14.5)	2.61 (1.65-4.13)	1.91 (1.14-3.19)*	-
Gestational age<37 weeks	866 (91.6)	79 (8.4)	1.46 (1.12-1.91)	1.17 (0.87-1.57)	-
Birthweight of <1,500 g	27 (81.8)	6 (18.2)	3.31 (1.35 −8.07)	1.71 (0.66-4.45)	-
Birthweight of <2,500 g	439 (76.9)	132 (23.1)	7.17 (5.59-9.21)	6.45 (4.80-8.66)***	-
Intrauterine growth restriction	257 (71.0)	105 (29.0)	9.33 (7.11-12.25)	9.04 (6.62 minus;12.34)***	-
Perinatal
Apgar score <7at 1 minute	3,722 (93.1)	277 (6.9)	1.50 (0.94-2.38)	-	-
Apgar score <7at 5 minutes	1,156 (91.5)	108 (8.5)	1.47 (1.15-1.88)	1.47 (1.13-1.93)**	1.15 (0.86-1.56)
Sepsis	133 (86.4)	21 (13.6)	2.41 (1.50-3.87)	2.16 (1.28-3.65)**	1.24 (0.65-2.35)
Hyperbilirubinaemia	174 (88.3)	23 (11.7)	2.01 (1.28-3.16)	1.60 (1.00-2.56)†	0.86 (0.49-1.53)
Admitted to SCBU	527 (90.2)	57 (9.8)	1.72 (1.27-2.32)	1.56 (1.12-2.17)**	0.94 (0.63-1.40)
Non-exclusive breastfeeding	763 (91.3)	73 (8.7)	1.53 (1.16-2.01)	1.34 (0.99-1.81)	1.36 (0.98-1.88)
Failed hearing tests	108 (89.3)	13 (10.7)	1.76 (0.98-3.17)	1.77 (0.93-3.37)	1.46 (0.74-2.87)

$Adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, occupation, parity, antenatal care, hypertensive disorders, prolonged/obstructed labour, and mode of delivery;

§Adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, occupation, parity, antenatal care, hypertensive disorders, prolonged/obstructed labor, mode of delivery, prematurity, low birthweight, and IUGR;

*p<0.05;

**p<0.01;

***p<0.001;

†p=0.052;

CI=Confidence interval;

IUGR=Intrauterine/foetal growth restriction;

OR=Odds ratio;

SCBU=Special care baby unit