AcGFP1-tagging of CI subunits. A, current CI assembly
model. Biogenesis of the hydrogenase module (containing NDUFS3) is thought to
form the starting point of assembly (steps 1, 2, and 3).
This module is coupled to a membrane module (at step 4), which
contains at least ND1. Later in assembly, this membrane module is completed by
other hydrophobic subunits (i.e. NDUFB6). Subunits of the NADH
dehydrogenase module (containing NDUFV1, NDUFV2) are presumably added after
formation of subcomplex 6. Accessory subunits (NDUFA2, NDUFA12) are also
thought to enter in a late stage. B, schematic representation of the
AcGFP1-tagged CI subunits (fusion proteins) expressed by inducible HEK293 cell
lines. Colors correspond to the functional modules in A. C, BN-PAGE
fluorograms (f) and anti-EGFP antibody immunodetection (a)
of different cell lines expressing low levels of the AcGFP1-tagged CI
subunits. The position of holo-CI is marked with closed arrowheads. Open
arrowheads (NDUFS3 cell line) indicate CI assembly intermediates
(1–6)
or monomeric (AcGFP1-NDUFS3) subunit (m).